September
30 2009
The Hindustan Times
Madrasa move - A call for change
NEW SCRIPT A proposed
board wants to modernise textbooks, teaching, and exams in India's 100,000
madrasas. Will it work?
Chitrangada Choudhury
in New Delhi
[email protected]
"My years as a student in the Darul Uloom madrasa were the best training I
could get to be an effective MP (Member of Parliament). Because the
madrasa taught me that serving people is the biggest act of devotion to
God," said religious scholar and educationist Maulana Asrarul Haque of his
1866 alma mater in the North Indian town of Deoband. The sentences were
characteristic of the moral lens the softspoken 66-year-old
parliamentarian seemed to view the world through.
Haque, who has founded
160 madrasas across four states and a girl's school in an ill-connected
village in his constituency of Kishanganj in Bihar, said, "Education can
empower and help build bridges."
Haque is the sort of
Muslim leader the government is now looking to, as it attempts to craft a
consensus in a divided Muslim community to help push through a sticky
piece of legislation to set up a Central Madrasa Board.
The board -- stillborn for a decade -is meant to design a modern
curriculum for India's estimated 100,000 Islamic seminaries. These numbers
are private estimates; the government has no definitive information on how
many such institutions exist. Under 20,000 are registered under various
laws.
There are also no
definitive surveys, but official estimates say that between 4 per cent and
6 per cent of India's Muslim children in the school-going age study in
such seminaries. Attending the institutions between four to seven years,
they study a three-centuries old curriculum (see box).
Institutions like the
madarsa at Deoband are renowned and possess the funds and skills to
modernise. But most seminaries cater to areas with concentrations of
low-income Muslim households, where the government school system is broken
and private schools have no commercial incentives.
Like Haque's constituency of Kishanganj, a backward district of small
farmers and landless labourers with 70 per cent Muslim residents and a
female literacy of 14 per cent, the lowest for any district in the
country.
While some states such as
West Bengal and Bihar have instituted madrasa boards to run such
institutions, most seminaries are funded by charities and run by
decades-old trusts, which guard their independence from the government
fiercely.
Abdul Noumani, based in
New Delhi, typifies this strand of thought in the community, which has
opposed the formation of a central board as interference in the Islamic
faith.
At his office overlooking
graceful arches in the headquarters of the 1919 Jamiat Ulama-I-Hind, which
runs over 10,000 madrasas across India, Noumani said, "The Sachar
Commission found that every fourth Muslim child has never attended, or
attended and dropped out of school. Why does the government not focus on
these children? When only 4 per cent of Muslim children study in madrasas,
why is Kapil Sibal (Minister for Human Resource Development) so interested
in our affairs?" "Our experience of government and bureaucracy has not
been good in states which have set up their own madrasa boards. It opens
the door for corruption and meaningless rules. We can modernise our own
curriculum."
But, National Commission
for Minority Educational Institutions chairman Justice M. Siddiqui whose
office drafted the Bill for the proposed board (see box), argued that the
government should help lead that change whereby a madrasa student can
learn about Islamic law as well as the Indian Penal Code, Arabic as well
as English.
Siddiqui said the board
should go beyond matters of content to improve the quality of education.
"It should be given a seed fund of Rs 500 crore by the state and then
allowed to function independently. Madrasas currently pay their teachers
Rs 500 to Rs 1,500 (per month). How can that attract good people? The
board will ensure pay parity with government schoolteachers. We have
drafted the Bill. The ball is now in the government's court," he said.
For now, the government
is treading carefully. In a bid to build a consensus, Sibal has been open
to suggestions to people the board with as many educationists as
theologians. He has said affiliation to the board will be voluntary. On
October 3, at a meeting on the issue with Muslim MPs, he will lobby for
the board.
The Kishanganj MP, Haque,
said the government's revived efforts will be successful only if "the
benefits of the policy are explained clearly to the Muslim community. The
key will be to take all the ulema (religious scholars) along."